Histoire des Sciences médicales

La revue Histoire des sciences médicales est l'organe officiel de la Société française d’histoire de la médecine (SFHM) depuis 1967. Pour consulter les archives de la SFHM avant 1967 : Cf. https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/archives-de-la-sfhm/

Cette revue, trimestrielle jusqu’en 2018, est devenue annuelle à partir de 2019 (avec le Tome LIII, qui correspond en fait au premier tome des parutions annuelles). Les numéros suivants sont indiqué par Tome II pour 2020, Tome III pour 2021, etc.

L'accès à la version numérique d’Histoire des sciences médicales est réalisé grâce au soutien de la BIU Santé (Université Paris Cité) et du Département d’histoire de la santé.

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1994, Vol. 28 (1)	(PDF complet : 34 Mo)
[Sommaire] (PDF 418 Ko) Pour citer cet article [Sommaire] In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (1), pp. 3-4 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x001/HSMx1994x028x001x0003.pdf	3-4
[Vie de la Société] . Compte rendu de la séance du 29 mai 1993, séance exceptionnelle au Maroc. / Compte rendu de la séance du samedi 26 juin 1993. / Compte rendu de la séance du samedi 23 octobre 1993. (PDF 7545 Ko) Pour citer cet article [Vie de la Société] . Compte rendu de la séance du 29 mai 1993, séance exceptionnelle au Maroc. / Compte rendu de la séance du samedi 26 juin 1993. / Compte rendu de la séance du samedi 23 octobre 1993. In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (1), pp. 5-20 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x001/HSMx1994x028x001x0005.pdf	5-20
Correspondance.
Paul, Raymond. - La chlorpromazine: déroulement des recherches qui ont conduit à sa synthèse. Complément d'information. (PDF 1145 Ko) Pour citer cet article Paul, Raymond. - La chlorpromazine: déroulement des recherches qui ont conduit à sa synthèse. Complément d'information. In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (1), pp. 21-23 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x001/HSMx1994x028x001x0021.pdf	21-23
Beauperthuy de Benedetti, Rosario. - Madame Georgette Legée. In memoriam. (PDF 476 Ko) Pour citer cet article Beauperthuy de Benedetti, Rosario. - Madame Georgette Legée. In memoriam. In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (1), pp. 24-24 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x001/HSMx1994x028x001x0024.pdf	24-24
Albou, Philippe. - L'arrêt burlesque de Boileau, Gui Patin et l'Académie Lamoignon. (PDF 4461 Ko) L'Arrêt burlesque (The ludicrous judgement) by Boileau (1671) is a most striking work of satire with relation to medicine and literature. The circumstances of its composition call to mind the atmosphere prevailing at that time in the home of the famous magistrate Guillaume de Lamoignon, where Doctor Gui Patin and Later Nicolas Boileau were so warmly welcomed and greatly favoured. Pour citer cet article Albou, Philippe. - L'arrêt burlesque de Boileau, Gui Patin et l'Académie Lamoignon. In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (1), pp. 25-32 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x001/HSMx1994x028x001x0025.pdf	25-32
Duboc, Hubert. - La mission Lemierre et Sohier dans les camps de prisonniers de guerre en Allemagne en janvier 1942. [Lemierre and Sohier's mission (3-13 January 1942).] (PDF 3150 Ko) During the winter of 1941-42, an epidemic of louse borne typhus fever spread over prisoners of war camps in Germany. As the protector of her own captive citizens, France sent a mission to Germany composed of Professor Lemierre and Major Sohier in order to inquire about the Germans' actions to protect the French prisoners from this disease. Pour citer cet article Duboc, Hubert. - La mission Lemierre et Sohier dans les camps de prisonniers de guerre en Allemagne en janvier 1942. [Lemierre and Sohier's mission (3-13 January 1942).] In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (1), pp. 33-40 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x001/HSMx1994x028x001x0033.pdf	33-40
Vassal, Pierre. - L'Hôpital et l'Ecole médicale d'Edesse (Ourfa, Turquie), ancêtre des C.H.U.? (résumé de la communication). [Edessa hospital and its medical school as a C.H.U. impersonation.] (PDF 690 Ko) Située à proximité du grand foyer culturel hellénistique d'Antioche, Edesse, devenue aujourd'hui Ourfa, en Turquie du sud-est, est citée comme ayant été le siège du plus ancien royaume chrétien à la fin du premier siècle de notre ère. Sa tradition médicale, fort ancienne et bien antérieure au Christianisme s'appuie sur une relation - apocryphe -, selon laquelle, le roi Abgar Ucomo, c'est-à-dire le Noir (13-57), aurait invité Jésus à sa cour et reçu de lui, un voile représentant son visage, précieuse relique qui devait protéger la ville. Au 4e siècle, Saint-Ephrem fondait comme Saint-Basile à Césarée, un hôpital, doté d'une administration et de médecins, pour les pestiférés. Parallèlement, la ville était le siège d'un intense travail de traduction, portant sur les auteurs chrétiens mais aussi sur l'antiquité profane, dont tous les ouvrages, spécialement ceux de médecine, de science naturelle, chimie, physique, passèrent du grec en syriaque, les oeuvres d'Aristote en tête. Ces traductions devaient plus tard être transcrites en arabe, langue voisine du syriaque, par l'école de Gonde-Shapur, en Susiane, et par les médecins nestoriens de Bagdad. Ainsi s'opéra la transmission de la philosophie et de la médecine grecques au monde arabe et, par l'Espagne et les traducteurs de l'Ecole de Tolède, à l'occident du moyen-âge. Mais le travail accompli par les Nestoriens et les Monophysites d'Edesse et de Nisibe, représente un jalon essentiel sans lequel la diffusion de la médecine grecque n'eût pas été possible. Les "Hôpitaux" organisés aux frontières de l'Empire romain d'Orient et l'étude des auteurs classiques grecs, représentent le premier exemple en Europe d'une structure hospitalière d'enseignement médical. Close to Antiochus, the big hellenistic centre Edessa, now Ourfa (Turkey South-East) was nominated the eldest christian kingdom chief-town during 1st Century A.C. and its old medical tradition preceded the whole christian era. It was founded upon such a doubtful statement according to what it happened that king Abgar Ucomo (that is to say “the black one”, who lived from 13 to 57) requested Jesus as a guest; thanksgivingly the Lord let him a veil showing his own face, an inestimable relic intended to shelter the town. During 4th Century, Saint Ephrem grounded - on the same meaning than Saint Basileus in Cesarea - an hospital, including managing staff and many medics, purposing to cure pleague. Similarly, there were all around a lot of translators working about christian authors as well as secular antiques whose works proceeded from greek to syriac languages chiefly for medicine, natural sciences, chemistry and physical sciences not forgiving Aristotle before any one else. Later, those translations will be written in arabian which is not very far from syriac for proper use of Gonde-Shapur's own school, in Susiana, and also for Bagdad nestorian medics. So, were transmitted greek philosophy and medicine to arabian people and, belonging to Spain and Toledo schools, the same purpose for west countries all along Middle Age. It means that Edessa and Nisiba nestorian and monophysician workers staked out a main beacon which helped greek medicine spreding. Those hospitals (sic) structured along Roman Empire eastern boundaries and, too, greek classical studies, gave sight upon the first european pattern of a medical teaching Hospital, as a C.H.U.? Pour citer cet article Vassal, Pierre. - L'Hôpital et l'Ecole médicale d'Edesse (Ourfa, Turquie), ancêtre des C.H.U.? (résumé de la communication). [Edessa hospital and its medical school as a C.H.U. impersonation.] In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (1), pp. 41-42 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x001/HSMx1994x028x001x0041.pdf	41-42 Résumé
Strich, Marie-José. - La comtesse de Ségur et la santé. (PDF 2929 Ko) More known for her celebrated novels for children than by her preoccupations for health, the countess of Ségur born Rostopchine (1799-1874) has considered this topic in her book: La Santé des enfants (Children's health), her novels and her correspondance. The book published in 1855 was didacted by the painful experience of a mother having lost a child. It constitutes an important testimony of medical practice in the 19th century. The novels contain medical episodes (rabies, drownings, bolting horses). In her correspondance written in an incisive and amusing way, she mentions various familial diseases, gives her advice and makes up her mind for or against a physician or a treatment. A capable and passionate woman, this author who was the most read after Balzac was not only satisfied in forming morally and educating her young readers but was also careful, as she was it in her own family, to give an advice in the field of hygiene and health. Pour citer cet article Strich, Marie-José. - La comtesse de Ségur et la santé. In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (1), pp. 43-48 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x001/HSMx1994x028x001x0043.pdf	43-48
Drouard, Alain. - A propos de l'interface médecine-sciences sociales: la Fondation française pour l'étude des problèmes humains dite Fondation Carrel (1941-1945). [About the relationship between medicine and social sciences: the French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems or Carrel Foundation (1941-1945).] (PDF 4097 Ko) Nobel Prize winner for medicine in 1912, author of a widely acclaimed best seller which was published in English and in French in 1935, Man, the Unknown, Alexis Carrel was Regent of the French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems from 1942 to 1944, during the Second World War in France. The Foundation, known as the "Carrel Foundation", was created as a financially autonomous public establishment with full legal status and had a dual mission: to study "all possible means of safeguarding, improving and developing the French population" and to "synthesize efforts undertaken by its own members or by others and to develop the science of man". Considering its short official existence and the exceptional circumstances of the period, the scientific work of the Foundation is impressive: the demographical analyses undertaken by R. Gessain, P. Vincent, and J. Bourgeois; the pioneer work of J. Sutter in nutrition; J. Merlet's work on group settings; the Gallup polls undertaken by J. Stoetzel's team; and the work and publications of the F. Perroux Department of Bio-Sociology, without failing to mention the study carried out on a group of one hundred thousand children. Amongst the effects of the Foundation, one must mention the National Institute of Demographic Studies (INED) and with it, the establishment of one of the most active and productive research groups in the Social and Human Sciences in France. There are other initiatives and activities which form part of the Foundation's inheritance: the creation in 1947 by Dr A. Gros, former Vice-regent of the Foundation, of the group of "Advisers in Synthesis"; the joint creation ten years later by Dr Gros and G. Berger of the group and the publication "Prospective"; the wide multidisciplinary study undertaken by the (DGRST) "Délégation Générale à la Recherche Scientifique et Technique" undertaken in 1960 thanks to the initiative of R. Gessain and of J. Sutter; and the Monaco Forums on Social Sciences, not to mention the contribution of former Foundation members to the establishment at the international level of medicine of work and the encouragement given to ergonomic studies. Pour citer cet article Drouard, Alain. - A propos de l'interface médecine-sciences sociales: la Fondation française pour l'étude des problèmes humains dite Fondation Carrel (1941-1945). [About the relationship between medicine and social sciences: the French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems or Carrel Foundation (1941-1945).] In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (1), pp. 49-56 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x001/HSMx1994x028x001x0049.pdf	49-56
Van der Borg, Els. - Sages-femmes aux Pays-Bas: image et occupation. Les développements dans la pratique de l'obstétrique à Leyde, Arnhem, Bois-le-Duc, et Leeuwarden, 1650-1865. [Dutch midwives: image and occupation. Developments in midwifery in Leiden, Arnhem, 's-Hertogenbosch and Leeuwarden, 1650-1865.] (PDF 2966 Ko) My study on the social position of Dutch midwives in early modern Europe was induced by the consistently negative image in the literature at the time. Medical doctors and accoucheurs (obstetricians) expressed critical opinions on both the occupation of midwifery and the midwives themselves. They disparaged the behaviour, activities, training, income, additional jobs and social background of midwives. Later, medical doctors and historians reproduced and promulgated this negative image of midwives. At issue is the extent to which the attitudes of medical doctors and accoucheurs corresponded to those of the broader population, and how these attitudes were related to the actual place in society. The question is if midwives took a marginal position in urban society. My work focusses on four Dutch cities: Arnhem, Leeuwarden, Leiden and 's-Hertogenbosch. It deals with the period 1650-1865. The criticism of medical practitioners and of a accoucheurs on midwives are described. The occupation itself is discussed: the activities of midwives and the development of the profession (regulation, training and rivalry). At the end of the seventeenth and the beginning of the eighteenth century, the medical profession began to show an interest in childbirth. Rivalry between accoucheurs and midwives, competition between legal and illegal practitioners of midwifery, and in-fighting within the profession tell us something about the development of the profession. From the eighteenth century on, attending problematic births was claimed as a privilege of accoucheurs. Data from municipal archives were used to find out if and to what extent midwives were marginalised. Their geographical mobility, social background (occupations of parents), occupations of husbands, income and domicile are discussed. Analysis of this material indicates that midwives belonged to the common urban labouring class (consisting of artisans and workers), and were not very different from other members of this class. Certainly they were not marginalised, instead they had a relatively privileged position within the common labouring class. Five motives can be distinguished for the negative image expressed by medical doctors and accoucheurs in their publications: 1) professional rivalry, 2) division of theoretical and practical knowledge, 3) class differences, 4) gender, and 5) ‘polluting’ activities. Studies on ideas of pollution and ‘infamous’ occupations might lead one to conclude that midwives in the Dutch Republic were stigmatised. I found no evidence, however, that the opinions of medical doctors and accoucheurs were shared by the broader public. Official recognition of midwives - the regulation of their practice and education - protected them. This has contributed to their position as independent practitioners in the Netherlands up to today. Pour citer cet article Van der Borg, Els. - Sages-femmes aux Pays-Bas: image et occupation. Les développements dans la pratique de l'obstétrique à Leyde, Arnhem, Bois-le-Duc, et Leeuwarden, 1650-1865. [Dutch midwives: image and occupation. Developments in midwifery in Leiden, Arnhem, 's-Hertogenbosch and Leeuwarden, 1650-1865.] In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (1), pp. 57-62 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x001/HSMx1994x028x001x0057.pdf	57-62
Delahaye, Roland-Paul. - Rôle fondamental de l'Hôpital militaire de Versailles dans l'organisation de l'armée chargée de la reconquête de Paris au cours de l'insurrection de la Commune (mars-mai 1871). (PDF 4280 Ko) The military Hospital of Versailles standing near the seat of the Government and the Assemblies played an important role in the organization of the sanitary services of the Versailles army. Hippolyte Larrey, chief physician of the army decided in agreement with Thiers, head of the government that the military hospital will primarily receive all the wounded soldiers evacuated from the front lines and all the patients from the various regiments of the Versailles army. To satisfy the numerous hospitalisations, annexes were opened in Versailles, the hospital capacity being extended to 2600 beds. In proportion of the troops progression towards Paris, the evacuation plan of the wounded soldiers will be modified the delays of evacuation towards Versailles becoming too long, by the creation of campaign hospitals and by sending wounded soldiers to the military hospitals of Paris (Val-de-Grâce and Gros Caillou) and to some ambulances established during the siege of Paris. Pour citer cet article Delahaye, Roland-Paul. - Rôle fondamental de l'Hôpital militaire de Versailles dans l'organisation de l'armée chargée de la reconquête de Paris au cours de l'insurrection de la Commune (mars-mai 1871). In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (1), pp. 63-72 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x001/HSMx1994x028x001x0063.pdf	63-72
Postel, J. - Ségal, A. - Valentin, Michel - Ségal, Alain - Cornet, André. - Analyses d'ouvrages. (PDF 4230 Ko) Pour citer cet article Postel, J. - Ségal, A. - Valentin, Michel - Ségal, Alain - Cornet, André. - Analyses d'ouvrages. In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (1), pp. 73-80 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x001/HSMx1994x028x001x0073.pdf	73-80

Histoire des Sciences médicales

1994, Vol. 28 (1)