Histoire des Sciences médicales

La revue Histoire des sciences médicales est l'organe officiel de la Société française d’histoire de la médecine (SFHM) depuis 1967. Pour consulter les archives de la SFHM avant 1967 : Cf. https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/archives-de-la-sfhm/

Cette revue, trimestrielle jusqu’en 2018, est devenue annuelle à partir de 2019 (avec le Tome LIII, qui correspond en fait au premier tome des parutions annuelles). Les numéros suivants sont indiqué par Tome II pour 2020, Tome III pour 2021, etc.

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1994, Vol. 28 (4)	(PDF complet : 59 Mo)
[Sommaire] (PDF 499 Ko) Pour citer cet article [Sommaire] In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (4), pp. 275-276 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x004/HSMx1994x028x004x0275.pdf	275-276
[Vie de la Société] . Compte rendu de la séance du 26 mars 1994. / Compte rendu de la séance du 30 avril 1994. (PDF 2249 Ko) Pour citer cet article [Vie de la Société] . Compte rendu de la séance du 26 mars 1994. / Compte rendu de la séance du 30 avril 1994. In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (4), pp. 277-282 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x004/HSMx1994x028x004x0277.pdf	277-282
Colloque Jean-Martin Charcot (27 novembre 1993).
Séance commune à la Société française d'histoire de la médecine, à la Société française d'histoire de la neurologie, et au Groupe de Recherche en Epistémologie et Histoire de la Médecine (G.R.E.H.M., Université Paris XII).
Grmek, Mirko D.. - A propos de la célébration de Charcot. (PDF 1605 Ko) Pour citer cet article Grmek, Mirko D.. - A propos de la célébration de Charcot. In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (4), pp. 283-288 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x004/HSMx1994x028x004x0285.pdf	283-288
Bonduelle, Michel. - Charcot. Dates. Légendes et réalités. [Charcot. Dates. Legend and reality.] (PDF 3776 Ko) This introduction to the session devoted to Charcot reviews the important steps in his career: 1848, the internship, followed by the “chef de clinique” stage (1852-53); the central hospital office in 1856; the agregation in 1860; the chair of pathological anatomy in 1872; the clinical chair in diseases of the nervous system in 1882. We review as well the milestones in his scientific work. His arrival in 1862 at the Salpêtrière which he would never leave; there in 1866, he started a “free” course which became the point of departure for his reputation. Taking advantage of histology together with a mastery of the anatomical-clinical method permitted him to achieve considerable progress within a few years (associating locomotor ataxia with lesions of the posterior roots and columns; acute and chronic progressive muscular atrophy with those of the anterior horn: separating multiple sclerosis from Parkinson's disease) which culminated in the masterful description of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1874), the pathological anatomy and physiology of the spinal cord (1873) and cerebral localisations of motor areas (1875). Beginning in 1878, he applied the nosological method to the study of hysteria, relying on the notion of “analogous anatomy” in seeking a correspondence between organic lesions and “dynamic lesions”. In 1883 and 1884, his approach to aphasia led him to introduce beyond the anatomical-clinical fact a new speculative dimension, that of psycho-physiology. This he applied to interpret hysterical ailments and “psychic paralyses”. The personality of Charcot is briefly sketched. In the arts as in politics, he was more of a conservative than an opportunist; authoritarian, shy, and brusque, gloomy and taciturn, he nontheless had a remarkable power to attract. Pour citer cet article Bonduelle, Michel. - Charcot. Dates. Légendes et réalités. [Charcot. Dates. Legend and reality.] In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (4), pp. 289-296 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x004/HSMx1994x028x004x0289.pdf	289-296
Lellouch, Alain. - La nouvelle "Théorie des sciences" de J.-M. Charcot (1825-1893). [Charcot's epistemological concept.] (PDF 4707 Ko) Through a brilliant medical way, Charcot was, at the same time, rheumatologist, geriatric, clinician, pathologist - and mainly neuro-pathologist - ending as a psychiatrist (according to todays medical terminology). Here, we will point out how much scientific theory and philosophy may support an original concept very unusual during the second half of XIXth century medicine. Describing connection between biology and medicine according to Auguste Comte thoughts, the author is thoroughly going into the course introduced by Charcot: scientific medicine instead of empirical one; structural medical-anatomy against rudimentary approach and rising of experimental medicine; impact of human sciences on medical knowledge; appearance of specialists near general practitioners; idea of organic disturbances denying any "faith healing". In fact, Charcot asserts that bedside instruction prevails against accurate sciences. Pour citer cet article Lellouch, Alain. - La nouvelle "Théorie des sciences" de J.-M. Charcot (1825-1893). [Charcot's epistemological concept.] In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (4), pp. 297-306 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x004/HSMx1994x028x004x0297.pdf	297-306
Gelfand, Toby. - Comment Charcot a obtenu sa chaire. [How Charcot got his chair.] (PDF 3297 Ko) Charcot's career, as is well-known, reached a summit with his acquisition of the Faculty clinical chair of diseases of the nervous system inaugurated in 1882. Based upon previously untapped archival materials at the Charcot Library and the National Archives, this paper explores four questions: 1. Was "Charcot's chair" really the first specialized chair for neurology?; 2. Was it founded specifically for Charcot?; 3. What role did the Faculty of Medicine play and was did it offer any opposition?; 4. How important was the creation of the chair for the flourishing of the Salpêtrière school? Evidence is presented to show that Charcot considered a specialized chair in nervous diseases a high priority for his career and his school. Sometime around 1880, convinced of the importance of this project, he began to assemble arguments in its behalf from French and foreign sources, particularly from his German colleagues, Westphal and Erb. He learned that there were no precedents, not even in Berlin. Charcot's carefully prepared manuscript memoir presented a strong case for the "necessity" of the chair based on the recent progress and theoretical as well as practical importance of his subject. He described psychiatry, which already had a Faculty clinical chair, as but a "small part" of neuropathology and rejected the idea of combining the two disciplines. Although the project encountered opposition from several Faculty colleagues, who claimed that it was a personal favor for Charcot, powerful support from political allies such as Gambetta and Ferry ensured government funding. In fact, government action in behalf of the creation of the chair for Charcot preceded and surprised the medical Faculty. This paper shows the extent to which Charcot's own initiatives and arguments set the agenda and defined the role he envisaged for the new foundation at the center of the clinical research and teaching centre emerging under his direction at the Salpêtrière. Pour citer cet article Gelfand, Toby. - Comment Charcot a obtenu sa chaire. [How Charcot got his chair.] In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (4), pp. 307-312 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x004/HSMx1994x028x004x0307.pdf	307-312
Théodoridès, Jean. - Charcot dans le sillage de Rayer. [Charcot in Rayer's wake.] (PDF 2858 Ko) Charcot occupies an important place among Rayer's disciples although they did not publish any work together. They met for the first time in 1848 and later at the Société de Biologie. From 1853 to 1855 Charcot was Piorry's "chef de Clinique" near Rayer's department at the Charité hospital. In 1860 Charcot was nominated "professeur agrégé" with Rayer's backing. Several publications of Charcot with others disciples of Rayer (Ch. Robin, C. Davaine) are recalled as well as his paper, signed alone in 1858, on chronical arterial ischemia (Syndrome of Bouley and Charcot). An unpublished letter from Rayer recommending Charcot to the librarian of the Institut de France (1859) as well as a partial and undated one from Charcot back from England to Rayer are published here. Pour citer cet article Théodoridès, Jean. - Charcot dans le sillage de Rayer. [Charcot in Rayer's wake.] In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (4), pp. 313-318 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x004/HSMx1994x028x004x0313.pdf	313-318
Ricou, Philippe - Leroux-Hugon, Véronique - Poirier, Jacques. - La Bibliothèque Charcot à la Salpêtrière. [J.M. Charcot's library at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris.] (PDF 2517 Ko) In 1906, the personal scientific books collection of J.M. Charcot (1825-1893) was bequeathed by his son, the explorer J.B. Charcot, to the Neurological Disease Unit-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris. This library died progressively. In the same time, so did the Anatomical Museum, founded to by J.M. Charcot, and also settled in the "Division Pariset". Since 1966, with help of the late Professeur P. Castaigne, and collaborators, the library is reviving. It increased with several gifts of personal libraries, from Dr. Souques, Pr. Mollaret, Pr. Alajouanine, Pr. Lhermitte, Pr. Signoret... It is now the "Bibliothèque de Neurosciences J.M. Charcot-Paris VI University". Pour citer cet article Ricou, Philippe - Leroux-Hugon, Véronique - Poirier, Jacques. - La Bibliothèque Charcot à la Salpêtrière. [J.M. Charcot's library at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris.] In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (4), pp. 319-324 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x004/HSMx1994x028x004x0319.pdf	319-324
Langlois, Claude. - La photographie comme preuve, entre médecine et religion. (PDF 7026 Ko) Are we right to establish a parallel between, on the one hand, Bernadette Soubirous, the pious visionary of Lourdes, and Thérèse Martin, the nun of Lisieux, and on the other hand, the hysterical women who were shown in public by Charcot at the "Salpêtrière Hospital"? If we compare the way all of them were photographed, we bring to light something similar between two facts: 1 - the attempts to give a new medical significance to religious-ordinarily speaking-poses; 2 - the attempts to give a particular religious significance to common body positions. So we are led to suggest meaningful changes in the links between medicine and religion, expressed by the language of women' bodies. Pour citer cet article Langlois, Claude. - La photographie comme preuve, entre médecine et religion. In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (4), pp. 325-336 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x004/HSMx1994x028x004x0325.pdf	325-336
Céard, Jean. - Démonologie et démonopathies au temps de Charcot. [Demonology and demonopathy under Charcot.] (PDF 4174 Ko) What an advantage, he, who is studying devil and witchcraft stories, would get with "Retrospective medicine" carried through the "Ecole de la Salpêtrière"? Those are collected in the Sister Jeanne des Anges autobiography plentiful annotations, printed by the "Bibliothèque Diabolique" from Bourneville (1886) and "Les démoniaques dans l'art", written by Charcot and Richer (1887). The first one is purposing to evoque the nun's symptoms as hysterical facts and to find every typical expression regarding that disease. It does not go thoroughly into her hallucinations content, that is to say the imaginative part of them, as well as contemporary people minding that hysteria remains unchanging years after years and that its cultural alterations are really uninteresting. Charcot and Richer's book asserts that the devilish is a devilish without fiend, that is why it is approving the Saint-Médard's convulsive people but, on the contrary, nothing is said about the bright witchcraft pictures. Then, despite its history, devilish contain is going hand to hand. Those historical studies are not trying to give a run down a medical view of devilish approach but to make clear real hysterical knowledge; it means that before the medical deepening every one knows that dense disease. Pour citer cet article Céard, Jean. - Démonologie et démonopathies au temps de Charcot. [Demonology and demonopathy under Charcot.] In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (4), pp. 337-344 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x004/HSMx1994x028x004x0337.pdf	337-344
Boulle, Lydie. - Qui étaient les malades pris en charge par Charcot à la Salpêtrière. (PDF 2926 Ko) The answer to the question: who were the patients in Charcot's wards in the Salpêtrière Hospital, raises the major problem of the orientation of his researches: diseases of old people, internal pathology, diseases of the nervous system. Pour citer cet article Boulle, Lydie. - Qui étaient les malades pris en charge par Charcot à la Salpêtrière. In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (4), pp. 345-349 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x004/HSMx1994x028x004x0345.pdf	345-349
Communications présentées à la séance commune de la Société française d'histoire de la médecine et de la Société française d'histoire de la dermatologie (26 juin 1993).
Tilles, Gérard. - La création du Musée de l'Hôpital Saint-Louis. Repères chronologiques et éléments de significations. (PDF 3585 Ko) Created in 1865, by Alphonse Devergie, physician and head of one of the medical departments in Saint-Louis hospital, the first iconographic collection of the museum was made by water-colours, photographs from the atlas by Hardy and Montméja. Financially supported by the Assistance Publique in Paris, thanks to the interest of its manager, Armand Husson, the museum was then enriched by the wax moulages produced by Jules Baretta, from 1867 onwards. Due to the development of the collection, the erection of a specific building was soon regarded as a necessity. The attention given to the project, by Bourneville, City Counceller in Paris, made it possible. First managed by Charles Lailler, physician in Saint-Louis, the museum was definitely located, with the medical library (later called Bibliothèque Henri Feulard), in an independent building, inaugurated august 5th 1889 on the opening of the first International Congress of Dermatology and Syphilology. This new museum, still existing in its original condition, was a part of the restoration of the international influence of the french school of dermatology. Pour citer cet article Tilles, Gérard. - La création du Musée de l'Hôpital Saint-Louis. Repères chronologiques et éléments de significations. In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (4), pp. 350-358 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x004/HSMx1994x028x004x0351.pdf	350-358
Wallach, Daniel - Charansonnet, Marie-Christine. - La naissance des premières revues de dermatologie et de vénéréologie au XIXe siècle. (PDF 2603 Ko) Medical periodicals specialized in dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases were first published during the second half of the nineteenth century. Their goal was to promote the diffusion of medical knowledge, among specialists (clinical research), as well as towards general practitioners (medical education). Until now, medical journals are the major tool for the diffusion of news and progress in medicine. We briefly describe the first of these dermatological journals: - Syphilidologie, founded in 1838 in Leipzig by Friedrich Jacob Behrend. - Annales des maladies de la peau et de la syphilis, the first truly dermatological journal, published in Paris from August 1843 to 1852 by Alphée Cazenave. - Giornale italiano delle malattie veneree e delle malattie della pelle, founded in 1866 in Milan by Giovanni Battista Soresina. - Journal of cutaneous medicine and diseases of the skin, created in London in 1867 by Erasmus Wilson, and which lasted only four years. - Annales de dermatologie et de syphiligraphie, founded in Paris in 1868 by Adrien Doyon, which are still published now. - Archiv fur Dermatologie und Syphilis, published in Prague in 1869 by Heindrich Auspitz and Filipp Josef Pick. - The American Journal of Syphilography and Dermatology, the first non-European dermatological periodical, created in 1870 in New York by Morris H. Henry. Pour citer cet article Wallach, Daniel - Charansonnet, Marie-Christine. - La naissance des premières revues de dermatologie et de vénéréologie au XIXe siècle. In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (4), pp. 359-364 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x004/HSMx1994x028x004x0359.pdf	359-364
Janier, Michel. - Histoire du sarcopte de la gale. (PDF 8639 Ko) Pour citer cet article Janier, Michel. - Histoire du sarcopte de la gale. In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (4), pp. 365-380 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x004/HSMx1994x028x004x0365.pdf	365-380
Cabotin, Pierre-Patrice. - Le pou à travers la peinture hollandaise du XVIIe siècle. (PDF 3757 Ko) In the XVIIth century, physicians still considered that lice are issued from the body excretions, by a "spontaneous generation" phenomenon. It does not disturb the patients who continue to treat themselves by delousing. This is painted very often in Dutch paintings from this century, especially in "genre painting", which is specific of Holland. Delousing is not only anecdotical, but has a deeper meaning has, it is symbolic of the good care that women must take of their children, but also a symbol of human sins and bad behaviour. Through the paintings of several Dutch painters, lice can therefore give an idea of the XVIIth century Dutch society. Pour citer cet article Cabotin, Pierre-Patrice. - Le pou à travers la peinture hollandaise du XVIIe siècle. In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (4), pp. 381-388 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x004/HSMx1994x028x004x0381.pdf	381-388
Lefebvre, Pierre - Valentin, Michel - Sicard, André - Ségal, Alain. - Analyses d'ouvrages. (PDF 3451 Ko) Pour citer cet article Lefebvre, Pierre - Valentin, Michel - Sicard, André - Ségal, Alain. - Analyses d'ouvrages. In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (4), pp. 389-394 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x004/HSMx1994x028x004x0389.pdf	389-394
Tables alphabétiques du tome XXVIII. (PDF 2178 Ko) Pour citer cet article Tables alphabétiques du tome XXVIII. In : Histoire des Sciences médicales, 1994, 28 (4), pp. 395-400 URL : http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx1994x028x004/HSMx1994x028x004x0395.pdf	395-400

Histoire des Sciences médicales

1994, Vol. 28 (4)